Building a single facility to manufacture modern microchips costs over $20 billion and requires decades of specialized expertise. Brilliant tech companies like Apple, AMD, and NVIDIA design incredible chips, but they fundamentally cannot afford to build the factories required to physically print them.
Because setting up chip manufacturing is so difficult, the entire global technology ecosystem relies on a tiny handful of physical foundries. When demand spikes, tech companies face catastrophic supply chain bottlenecks, delaying the launch of everything from smartphones to cars.
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